Tuesday, August 31, 2010

Stigla dokumenta iz Britanije - Englezi znaju gde je ubijen Draža

Blic Online

V. Z. C. - Agencije

August 31, 2010


Beograd - Komisija za utvrđivanje okolnosti pod kojima je ubijen đeneral Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije Dragoljub - Draža Mihailović utvrdila je sve okolnosti koje su prethodile njegovoj egzekuciji 17. jula 1946, ali još ne zna mesto gde su skriveni posmrtni ostaci.

Državni sekretar Ministarstva pravde Slobodan Homen da je komisija, čiji je on član, utvrdila ko je i kako zarobio đenerala Mihailovića, gde se nalazio tokom pritvora u Beogradu i šta se sve dešavalo tih dana.


General Draza Mihailovich

- Jedino što još ne možemo sa stopostotnom sigurnošću da tvrdimo je tačno mesto gde je sahranjen. Nije sporno da se to mesto nalazi u Beogradu i da postoje dve lokacije gde je moglo da bude izvršeno streljanje, ali želimo da imamo čvrste dokaze sa kojima bi izašli u javnost - istakao je Homen. Prema saznanjima „Blica”, jedine dve sumnjive lokacije su Ada, gde je nekada bio zloglasni oznaški zatvor, i Lisičiji potok, gde su partizanske jedinice vršile masovna streljanja.

Jedna od nepoznatih okolnosti bio je i tačan datum streljanja, ali je prema rečima Homena, iz informacija saslušanih svedoka komisija utvrdila da je to bilo 17. jula 1946. godine, uz potvrdu dokumentacije iz poverljivih arhiva Velike Britanije.

On je napomenuo da komisija nastavlja da pribavlja dokumentaciju iz raznih zemalja i naglasio da je u ovom trenutku u toku prevod 150 strana dokumentacije koja je stigla iz Velike Britanije, a s koje je prethodno britanska vlada skinula oznaku poverljivosti.

On očekuje da Ministarstvo spoljnih poslova Velike Britanije uskoro dostavi i „suštinski dokument” koji će ukazati na tačno mesto gde je pogubljen đeneral Mihailović.

Pred Višim sudom u Beogradu za 16. septembar zakazano je prvo ročište u postupku za rehabilitaciju đenerala Mihailovića.

Zahtevom za rehabilitaciju zatraženo je poništenje presude od 15. jula 1946, kojom je đeneral Mihailović, posle montiranog suđenja pred partizanskim sudom, osuđen na smrt.

BIA je leta prošle godine dostavila komisiji spisak sa imenima 12 pripadnika Ozne koji su 12. marta 1946. zarobili đenerala Mihailovića. U njegovom zarobljavanju učestvovale su dve grupe operativaca. U prvoj su 12 pripadnika Ozne koji su preobučeni u ravnogorske uniforme uspeli da se infiltriraju u najbližu okolinu đenerala Mihailovića. U drugoj je bilo sedam operativaca koji su služili za vezu, a paravan im je bio da obavljaju meteorološka istraživanja. Predvodnik grupe koja se prerušila u uniforme Kraljevske jugoslovenske vojske bio je tada potpukovnik Svetolik Lazarević. Grupu „meteorologa” predvodio je tada potpukovnik Jovo Kapičić. Prema dokumentaciji, Kapičić je bio čovek za posebne zadatke Josipa Broza i sumnja se da je bio prisutan pogubljenju, kao i da sigurno zna gde se nalaze posmrtni ostaci đenerala. On je u intervju za za „Blic” naveo:

Ne bih rek’o gde je Dražin grob ni da mi glavu uzmu”. Objasnio je tada da đeneralov grob postao tajna da se ne bi pravio kult ličnosti „jer je Srbija većinom bila za četnike, ne za partizane”.



http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Hronika/205046/Englezi-znaju-gde-je-ubijen-Draza


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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com


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Slobodan Homen: Znam sve o Draži, osim gde je sahranjen

Press Online

Vesti Dana

Beograd, Serbia

August 31, 2010


Komisija za utvrđivanje okolnosti pod kojima je lišen života bivši general vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije Dragoljub Draža Mihajlović utvrdila je sve okolnosti koje su prethodile njegovoj egzekuciji 17. jula 1946. godine, izjavio je državni sekretar Ministarstva pravde Slobodan Homen.

Slobodan Homen / Photo from Press Online


On je rekao da je Komisija utvrdila ko je uhapsio Mihajlovića, gde i na koji način, gde se nalazio tokom pritvora u Beogradu i šta se sve dešavalo tih dana.

 - Jedino što još ne možemo sa stopostotnom sigurnošću da tvrdimo je tačno mesto gde je sahranjen. Nije sporno da se to mesto nalazi u Beogradu i da postoje dve lokacije gde je moglo da bude izvršeno streljanje, ali želimo da imamo čvrste dokaze sa kojima bismo izašli u javnost - istakao je Homen.



Jedna od nepoznatih okolnosti bio je i tačan datum streljanja, ali je, prema rečima Homena, iz informacija saslušanih svedoka Komisija utvrdila da je to bilo 17. jula 1946. uz potvrdu dokumentacije iz poverljivih arhiva Velike Britanije.


General Mihailovich in his jail cell 1946

Naći će mu grob... Homen ne odustaje od potrage za Dražom


- Očekujem da britansko Ministarstvo spoljnih poslova uskoro dostavi i dokument koji će ukazati na tačno mesto gde je streljan Mihajlović. Bez obzira na veliki protek godina, nadamo se da će Komisija završiti posao - kaže Homen.

(AG.)

 


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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com


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Saturday, August 28, 2010

Делегација Републичке асоцијације за неговање традиција Равногорског покрета из Београда у Херцеговини



Обележавању храмовне славе Светог Преображења у Автовцу код Гацког 19. августа присуствовала је и делегација Републичке асоцијације за неговање традиција Равногорског покрета из Београда, коју је предводио члан Управног одбора господин Миодраг Јакшић.

Представници Републичке асоцијације за неговање традиција Равногорског покрета књижевник Миодраг Јакшић и историчар Предраг Остојић посетили су спомен собу погинулих бораца Гатачке бригаде и кућу Јефте Илића у Пустом Пољу код Автовца, која се налази недалеко од чувене куле Зимоњића, у којој је генерал Драгољуб Дража Михаиловић, са Врховном командом ЈВуО, боравио у лето 1942. године.

У кући Јефте Илића 13. јула 1942. одржан је састанак коме су, поред осталих, присуствовали четнички прваци и команданти из Херцеговине и Далмације: војвода Илија Трифуновић Бирчанин, војвода Добросав Јевђевић, војвода Петар Баћевић, капетан Милорад Поповић, свештеник Радојица Перишић и Петар Самарџић.

На овом састанку Дража је издао задатке подручним командантима. Задаци су били: организовати народ за борбу у тренутку кад се процени да има изгледа на успех; збацити постојеће окупаторске режиме; одржати ред у земљи; обезбедити државне границе; ослободити крајеве који су били под туђином; казнити по закону народне издајнике и туђине. Искрцавање савезника се очекивало пролећа 1943. године највероватније у рејону Сплита.

Боравак Михаиловићевог штаба у гатачком крају знатно је утицао на морал српских устаника, који су се у том делу Херцеговине суочили с незапамћеним терором и злочинима усташа над цивилним становништвом, о чему је у својим романима писао и Вук Драшковић.

Приликом боравка делегације Асоцијације, размотрена је и могућност сарадње са општинском борачком организацијом Гацка, како би се обележило место боравка генерала Михаиловића на овим просторима.



http://www.ravna-gora.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=230&Itemid=1

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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com


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Monday, August 23, 2010

The Krajina Chronicle by Srdja Trifkovic - A Review by Ambassador James Bissett, Chairman of The Lord Byron Foundation



A review of The Krajina Chronicle by Srdja Trifkovic. Written by Ambassador James Bissett, Chairman of The Lord Byron Foundation, it was published in the September 2010 issue of Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.

Srdja Trifkovic is no stranger to Chronicles readers, many of whom have found his articles commenting on foreign affairs, with particular attention to the Balkans, to be insightful, penetrating, and written with authority. His latest book, The Krajina Chronicle, provides further confirmation of his extraordinary talent.

The book is a history of the Serbian warrior-farmers who formed the first line of defense against Islamic invasions into the Habsburg Empire. It is a story of heroism and tragedy that reaches far beyond the old military frontier of the western Balkans. It is also a story that touches on some of the most eventful periods of European history. It ends tragically with the mass expulsion of the Krajina Serbs from their ancestral lands by Croatian military forces in August 1995, during Operation Storm. These forces, trained and equipped by the United States, drove out almost all of the Serbs from Croatia in a matter of days. The operation was made easier because the Krajina Serbs were ordered not to resist by their supposed ally, Serbian President Slobodan Milošević.

The Krajina Chronicle begins by tracing the early Slav settlements in the western Balkans in the sixth century and describes how, over time, the antipathies that developed between Croats and Serbs were intensified by religious and cultural differences, the Croats becoming Roman Catholic and the Serbs adopting the Orthodox Faith of the Byzantine Empire. By the Middle Ages, Trifkovic documents, Serbian settlements were well established in a number of regions in territory that was later to become Croatia—a fact that is denied by some Croat revisionists. These settlements were strengthened over the years by influxes of Serbian refugees fleeing the march of the Ottoman Turks. These hardy settlers eventually were transformed by their Austrian hosts into the warrior-farmers of the Krajina. And warriors indeed they were! Quite apart from resisting Islam’s encroachment into Central Europe, these Serbs fought in almost all of the wars entered into by the Habsburg monarchy from the 17th to the 20th century.

Used primarily as light cavalry and infantry, they played an important role in all of the many battles in which they were engaged. In the Seven Years’ War, for example, the Serbs contributed 88,000 troops to the Habsburg armies, and during the Napoleonic Wars they sent 11 regiments against Napoleon’s forces. (In World War I, when Austria invaded Serbia in 1914, the Krajina Serbs fought against their fellow Serbs.) In return for military service, the Serbs were given land and special privileges exempting them from local taxes and laws. They owed their loyalty to Vienna, not to the Croatian or Hungarian nobility. The special status afforded the Serbs was deeply resented by their Croatian neighbors.

As Croatian nationalism became increasingly prominent in the 19th century, the existence of a Serbian population with special privileges, a different religion, and different loyalties complicated and impeded the ability of Croatian leaders to deal with their Hungarian and Austrian rulers. As Trifkovic explains, this led to extreme antagonism, bordering on a “morbid obsession,” toward the minority Serbian population. This hatred of the Serbs was exemplified by speeches and writings of the Croatian political activist Ante Starčević (1823-96), who was ahead of his time in advocating genocide against the Serbs. Starcevic wrote that the Serbs are “the race of slaves, beasts worse than any other,” fit for extermination. Trifkovic points out that there is hardly a town in today’s Croatia that does not have a street, square, or institution named for Starčević, who is often referred to as the Father of the Nation.

Notwithstanding Croatia’s almost pathological hatred of the Serbs, it was Serbia that saved Croatia from being carved up at the end of World War I. Having been on the losing side of that conflict, Croatia, under the terms of the Treaty of London, risked losing much of her territory to Italy and Serbia. She would have been reduced to four counties around Zagreb and lost much of her coastline. Serbia rejected the Treaty of London, however, opting instead to incorporate Croatia into the new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, thus uniting all of the South Slavs in one state that was to become Yugoslavia. While uniting all of the South Slavs may have been seen as a logical step in the spirit of Slavic self-determination, the new state soon ran into the same old difficulties. No sooner had it been proclaimed than Croatian politicians began agitating to break it apart.

In fact, Trifkovic argues, the bitter legacy of Serb-Croat relations seems to have been accentuated by the union:

'From the moment of its creation at the end of the Great War until its disintegration just over seven decades later, Yugoslavia was constantly beset by national problems. . . . Problems which proved impossible to solve, in the first royalist Yugoslavia [1918-41] were no less difficult in the second, communist one [1945-91].'

The Krajina Chronicle provides a stirring narrative of the events that followed the formation of the first Yugoslavia until its abrupt and violent breakup after the Nazi invasion in April 1941. Hitler quickly gave control of Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina to Ante Pavelić, the leader of the Croatian fascist Ustasha movement. The Ustashe immediately embarked on a murderous campaign against the Serbs in Croatia. The policy was explicitly proclaimed: Kill one third, convert one third to Catholicism, and expel the remaining third from Croatia.

Trifkovic’s story of this mass murder spares no ghastly detail of the insane slaughter that took place in that spring and summer of 1941. Most of the killing was done by cutting victims’ throats or by smashing their heads with a mallet or an ax. Later, when camps were set up to deal with the large numbers of the dispossessed—mainly Serbs, but also Jews and gypsies—the killing methods remained the same. How many lost their lives is not known, but estimates by holocaust historians range from 500,000 to 530,000. (Almost all of the author’s sources are senior German and Italian military or diplomatic personnel. When senior SS officers complain to Berlin about the killings, the reader is left with no doubt about the horrors inflicted upon the Serbs of the Krajina.)

The book also deals with the intricacies of wartime Yugoslavia and with the factional disputes and battles between Tito’s Partisans and Draža Mihailović’s royalist Chetniks. Although both were engaged in a ferocious resistance against German and Italian occupiers, their real struggle was against each other in a bloody civil war.

Here again, Trifkovic presents a perceptive analysis of the forces at play in wartime Yugoslavia and of the eventual decision by Churchill to back Tito and to stop further military support to the Mihailović forces. The Soviet army’s entry into Yugoslavia in the fall of 1944 decided the fate of the anticommunist forces, including thousands of Krajina Serbs. Although many found their way into Austria, hoping to be welcomed by the Western allies, they were betrayed by the British and Americans at the Yalta conference in February 1945, when Churchill and Roosevelt acceded to Stalin’s demand that all Soviet citizens be returned to the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, anticommunist Serbs were included in this category.

In May 1945 the British army returned to Yugoslavia several thousand anticommunist Serbs who, upon arrival, were summarily shot. Fortunately, 14,000 Serbs, most of them from the Krajina, managed to find their way to Italy, where U.S. authorities refused to hand them over to Tito. Many of them ended up in the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia.

In Tito’s communist Yugoslavia, the Krajina Serbs were not granted any favors by the new regime. Their dreadful suffering at the hands of the Ustashe was not formally acknowledged, and the survivors were, in effect, denied the right to mourn and had to accept the new regime’s slogan of “Brotherhood and Unity.” Thousands of homeless and refugee Krajina Serbs were denied permission to return to Croatia and were resettled instead in the northern region of Vojvodina, on the Hungarian border. Throughout the Tito years the Serbian areas of Croatia remained economically underdeveloped and without a clearly defined political identity.

In the concluding chapters of the Krajina Chronicle, Trifkovic recounts the futile attempt by the Krajina Serbs to remain a part of what was left of the disintegrating Yugoslav Federation. When Franjo Tudj­man’s right-wing nationalist party came to power in 1990 with the undisguised aim of separating Croatia from Yugoslavia, the Serbs, determined to remain with Yugoslavia, formed an autonomous region and took up arms.

Croatia’s declaration of independence in May 1991 led to bitter fighting between the secessionist Croats and the Serbian minority. The conflict continued until a cease-fire was arranged in January 1992, which lasted with some exceptions until the devastating assault in August 1995 of Operation Storm, described by Carl Bildt, the U.N. special envoy to the former Yugoslavia, as “the most efficient ethnic cleansing we’ve seen in the Balkans.” Abandoned and betrayed by Milošević and left to the mercy of a cowardly European Union and a vengeful Croatia supported by U.S. and NATO forces, the Krajina Serbs had come to the end of the line.

It is a credit to Srdja Trifkovic that his book will stand as a fitting, if perhaps the sole, testimony to a brave and extraordinary people—a compelling story, recounted in a stimulating and incisive narrative that covers a broad canvas without losing the attention to detail that brings life to historic events. The book also reveals the disturbing truth that the weak, however righteous their cause, remain at the mercy of the powerful.



http://www.balkanstudies.org/articles/unfinished-story

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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com

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Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan Christopher 1928-2010 / Obituary and Funeral Arrangements




FUNERAL ARRANGEMENTS:

Monday AUGUST 23, 2010

Hierarchical Divine Liturgy, 10:00 AM, Monday, August 23, 2010, at Holy Resurrection Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, 5701 N. Redwood Drive, Chicago, IL 60631.

- Funeral Matins, 7:00 PM, Monday, August 23, 2010, at Holy Resurrection Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, 5701 N. Redwood Drive, Chicago, IL 60631.


Tuesday AUGUST 24, 2010

- Hierarchical Divine Liturgy and Requiem Service, 9:00 AM, Tuesday, August 24, 2010, at St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Monastery 32377 N. Milwaukee Ave., Libertyville, IL 60048, followed by burial at grave on the south side of church.


A memorial lunch will be served at Holy Resurrection Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, 5701 N. Redwood Drive, Chicago, IL 60631, following interment.




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From the Chicago Tribune Sunday August 22, 2010

OBITUARY

By

Margaret Ramirez


Serbian Orthodox primate was first American-born bishop to serve a diocese in his church

His Eminence Metropolitan Christopher Kovacevich, spiritual leader of the Libertyville-Chicago diocese and primate of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States and Canada, died Wednesday, Aug. 18, in Chicago, according to clergy members.

Metropolitan Christopher, 81, was recently diagnosed with bone and brain cancer, for which he was undergoing treatment, according to a statement from the Orthodox Church in America.

For most of his 60 years of service in the Serbian Orthodox church, Metropolitan Christopher worked as a priest, counselor, youth worker, administrator, educator and bishop before becoming leader of the church in U.S. and Canada.

The head of the worldwide Serbian Orthodox Church is Patriarch Irinej, who is based in Belgrade.

As leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church in North America, Metropolitan Christopher was known for his efforts in helping Serbian parishes become bilingual in their worship and educational programs. In 1978, he made history by becoming the first American-born bishop to serve a diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church in North America.

"He was a great leader and contributed a lot to our church," said the Rev. Darko Spasojevic, dean of Holy Resurrection Serbian Orthodox Cathedral in Chicago. "We started as a church of Serbian immigrants, and he helped integrate the church into American culture and life."

He was born Velimir Kovacevich, on Dec. 25, 1928, in Galveston, Texas, the ninth of 12 children of Serbian immigrant parents, Petar and Rista Kovacevich.

Upon graduating from high school in 1945, he traveled north to attend the newly established St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Seminary in Libertyville, graduating in 1949.

He moved to Ohio, where he briefly attended the University of Akron and met his future wife, Milka Raicevich. They married in 1951, and later that year, he was ordained an Orthodox priest and became known as "Father Vel." His first parish assignment was St. Nicholas Church in Johnstown, Pa.

In subsequent years, he continued his education and got a bachelor's in philosophy and a master's degree in history from the University of Pittsburgh. In 1954, he became parish priest of St. Sava Church in Pittsburgh. In 1962, he and his family moved to Chicago, where he became parish priest of St. Archangel Michael Church.

As a priest in western Pennsylvania and Chicago, he devoted his ministry to education, and assisted parishes in becoming bilingual in their worship and education programs. He held the positions of secretary to the church central council, diocesan director of religious education, director of diocesan summer camp and editor of two church journals and other publications.

In 1978, he was consecrated as bishop and took the name "Christopher." In that position, he developed a diocesan-wide program in religious education and introduced computerization of all church administration and publications.

In 1991, the Serbian Holy Assembly of Bishops elevated the Midwest diocese to the status of metropolitanate and elevated Bishop Christopher to the rank of metropolitan, leader of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the United States and Canada.

Metropolitan Christopher also served as dean of the St. Sava Orthodox School of Theology, which was re-established in 1986. He was instrumental in getting official recognition from the Illinois State Board of Higher Education for the school, which grants it authority to confer a bachelor of divinity degree.

He was a frequent visitor to Washington as an official representative of the church to address the breakup and wars in Yugoslavia, and the effect on the churches, monasteries and Serbian faithful in that region.

He is survived by a daughter, Valerie Backo; three sons, Petar, Paul and Velimir; three sisters, Gospava Popovich, Vida Rector and Radosava McDonald; a brother, Blazo; and nine grandchildren.


http://www.chicagotribune.com/features/obituaries/ct-met-metropolitan-christopher-obit-20100822,0,2390248.story


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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com

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Thursday, August 19, 2010

His Eminence Serbian Orthodox Metropolitan +Christopher of Libertyville-Chicago dies August 18, 2010


In Memoriam:

Metropolitan +Christopher

of Libertyville, Illinois

August 18, 2010

May the Lord our God grant blessed repose and eternal rest
 to His Eminence Metropolitan Christopher.



From:



Born in Galveston, Texas, and baptized Velimir Kovacevich, the future Metropolitan Christopher was the ninth of twelve children of Serbian immigrant parents. After graduation from high school, he attended Nashotah House and graduated from St. Sava Serbian Seminary in Libertyville, Illinois. After marriage, he was ordained to the Diaconate and Priesthood. Continuing his education, he earned a B.A. at the University of Pittsburgh, the Master of Divinity from Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology in Brookline, Massachusetts, and completed courses and examinations for the doctorate at the Chicago Theological Seminary.

Father Velimir ministered to parishes in Pennsylvania and in Chicago, also serving as chaplain to four universities. He assisted his parishes to become bilingual in their worship and education programs, and at the same time he was active in the defense of unity and canonical order in his church during a period of schism. As a priest, he served as spiritual father, counselor, youth worker, administrator, educator, and, above all, in priestly ministry at the Holy Altar. Widowed in 1970, he is the father of four, as well as the grandfather of nine.


Elevated to the episcopate in 1978 by the Assembly of Bishops in Belgrade and tonsured with the monastic name of Christopher, he became the first American-born bishop to serve a diocese in his church in North America. As Bishop of Eastern America and Canada, he soon developed a diocesan-wide program in religious education. Active also in ecumenism, he has served on the joint commission of Orthodox and Roman Catholic bishops and on the Orthodox-Lutheran dialogue, and has represented his church at high levels in both the National and World Council of Churches. In 1991, he was elevated to the rank of Metropolitan of the Midwestern Diocese of his church, thereby becoming also Primate.


Doctor of Divinity


In recognition of his exemplary ministries as parish priest and diocesan bishop, his courageous support of education, ecumenism, and monastic life, his championing of church unity, and his outstanding leadership of the Serbian Orthodox Church in this country, Nashotah House is proud to number Metropolitan Christopher among its former students. Continuing the tradition of this House in Anglican friendship with the Orthodox churches, of which the exemplar and patron is our honorary alumnus, St. Tikhon of Moscow and New York, it is with great joy that we confer upon His Eminence, Metropolitan Christopher, the degree Doctor of Divinity, honoris causa.



http://www.serborth.org/metropolitan.html


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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com

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Tuesday, August 17, 2010

Парастос војводи Павлу Ђуришићу 8. августа, 2010 у мјесту Горње Заостро код Берана (Црна Гора)

Voyvoda Pavle Djurisic


View of Berane, Montenegro from Jasikovac Park
Photo by Marko Guberinic on "Panoramio"




From:

Реп. асоц. за неговање тековина Равногорског покрета

субота, 14 август 2010


У недељу 8. августа у мјесту Горње Заостро код Берана (Црна Гора) одржан је парастос војводи Павлу Ђуришићу, који је прије 65 година убијен заједно са већим бројем официра и личном пратњом у злогласном логору Јасеновац послије заробљавања у логору у Градишци.

Скуп у Горњем Заостру одржава се традиционално на славу Великомученице Св. Петке Трновске којој је и посвећена црква у облику „косовског крста“ , која је подигнута у оквиру спомен комплекса, који је у изградњи, а који треба да подсјећа на вријеме када је у Горњем Заостру био смјештен штаб војводе Ђуришића.

Пред великим бројем присутних јутарњу литургију и парастос служили су свештеници Српске православне цркве. У име домаћина гостима из Србије, Републике Српске и Црне Горе обратио се Милан Добрашиновић, син Светозара Добрашиновића, замјеника војводе Павла Ђуришића, који заједно сасвојим командантом и страдао априла 1945. године у Јасеновцу. Послије његовог обраћања приређен је културно-уметнички програм , који је обогаћен учешћем: црквеног хора саборног храма у Беранима, који је отпевао химну Боже правде. Послије наступа културно уметничког друштва из Берана и народних гуслара приређен је ручак за све госте.

Претходно вече на платоу недалеко од цркве, гдје је предвиђено место за постављање споменика војводи Павлу Ђуришићу, одржана је промоција књиге „Пуцај, рат је завршен“, чији је издавач невладина организација „Открићемо истину“ из Будве. Ова књига је плод дуготрајног истраживачког рада ауторског тима на чијем је челу новинар и публициста Саво Греговић, а посвећена је „безгробој војсци“, Црне Горе, Боке, дела Херцеговине и источне Босне, која је заједно са великим збегом народа доживела незапамћен егзодус на свом путу од Црне Горе до Словеније (децембар 1944. – мај 1945.)

Скупу у Горњем Заостру, присуствовао је председник Нове српске демократије и један од опозиционих лидера у Црној Гори господин Андрија Мандић, проф. Предраг Остојић, који се у име Републичке асоцијације за неговање традиција Равногорског покрета обратио присутним, господин Миодраг Божовић, члан председништва Уједињених равногорских покрета, господин Бранислав Живковић председник Равногораца из Крушевца. Међу бројним гостима били су и „српски чича“ Милета Павићевић из Подгорице, који је у Горњем Заостру приредио изложбу одабраних и веома ретких фотографија као и господин Лука Каваја, унук покојног Николе Каваје.






http://www.ravna-gora.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=229&Itemid=1


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If you would like to get in touch with me, Aleksandra, please feel free to contact me at ravnagora@hotmail.com

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Monday, August 09, 2010

American Richard L. Felman of the U.S.A.F. testifies before the Commission of Inquiry / Remembering the great Halyard Mission Rescue Operation on the 66th anniversary of the August 9th and 10th evacuations of Allied personnel from Nazi occupied Serbia during WWII

Richard L. Felman U.S.A.F.



Aleksandra's Note: The following testimony by Richard Felman of the United States Air Force, a decorated WWII veteran, was given while General Draza Mihailovich was still alive. Mihailovich had been captured by Tito's Yugoslav communist forces in March of 1946, and his trial in Belgrade began on June 10th of that year. On July 15th, after a sham trial, he was "convicted".  On July 16th he appealed the verdict, and the appeal was rejected. On July 17th, 1946, General Mihailovich was executed by the communists in his beloved Belgrade. His murder had a galvanizing effect on the American airmen who had been rescued in Nazi occupied Yugoslavia in 1944 by the Mihailovich forces, on orders of the Serbian general. Major Richard Felman remained actively dedicated to the fight to obtain justice and recognition for General Mihailovich for the rest of his life, to the very end. In the last year of his life, in the spring of 1999, Major Richard L. Felman of the USAF had to watch while NATO forces waged a 78 day bombing campaign against the very Serbian people that he so dearly loved and appreciated and who had loved him in return.

66 years ago today, August 9th, 2010, this young American was evacuated from Nazi occupied Serbia by the Chetnik forces of General Draza Mihailovich. He never forgot the Serbian people who saved his life, and those of us who knew Richard Felman personally and those of us who knew of him and his genuine, passionate quest for justice ever afterwards, will never forget him.

Sincerely,

Aleksandra Rebic


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On May 13, 1946, the Committee for a Fair Trial for General Mihailovich announced that a Commission of Inquiry had been established in New York for the purpose of taking testimonies of American officers and airmen whose request to be heard as witnesses at the trial of General Draza Mihailovich in Belgrade, Yugoslavia had been refused by the Tito government.

PROCEEDINGS ON FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1946



Committee for a Fair Trial for Draza Mihailovich

Commission of Inquiry in the Matter of Depositions of American and Allied Military Personnel

New York County Lawyers Association
New York, May 17, 1946

Met pursuant to adjournment
Present: Arthur Garfield Hays, Esq., and Theodore Kiendl, Esq., members of the Commission of Inquiry; Porter R. Chandler, Esq., and William H. Timbers, Esq.

The following is a transcript of the testimony of Lieutenant Richard L. Felman before the Commission of Inquiry, New York, May 17, 1946

RICHARD L. FELMAN, called as a witness, being duly sworn, testified as follows:

EXAMINATION BY MR. TIMBERS:

Q: Where do you live?

A: New York City.

Q: Were you a member of the Army Air Corps during the war?

A: Yes, sir, I was.

Q: Were you at one time shot down over Yugoslavia?

A: I was, yes, sir.

Q: What was the date of that?

A: I was shot down on July 9, 1944.

Q: What was your mission on that date?

A: The mission was to bomb the Ploesti oil fields.

Q: Had you completed your mission when you were shot down?

A: Yes, we had dropped our bombs over the target and were returning to our base in Italy when we were attacked by about 15 ME-109’s.

Q: What was your position in the plane?

A: I was the navigator.

Q: And where were you attacked and where did you land?

A: We were attacked at the Yugoslavian, Romanian and Bulgarian border, the three countries meet at that point.

Q: Will you point it out on the map, please?

A: I believe it was somewhere around here; it was on the Danube I know.

Q: Can you point to the spot where you landed in Yugoslavia?

A. I landed in Bresnica.

Q: How far south of Belgrade?

A: I would say that is 60 miles south of Belgrade. That was just outside of Cacak [Cha-Chaak].

Q: How many other members of your crew were with you?

A: We were an 11-man crew; 10 men bailed out safely, one man went down with the plane.

BY MR. KIENDL: Was it a B-17?

FELMAN: No, a B-24.

BY MR. TIMBERS: Tell us in your own words what happened to you when you finally landed in Yugoslavia.

FELMAN: Well, we bailed out at 16,000 feet, and I delayed my jump for fear that the fighter planes might attack us. And when I hit the ground there were about 15 or 20 Chetniks waiting for me. They had seen my parachute open and were waiting on the ground to pick me up. In the distance I heard a few shots, and we started to run for cover. They told me that a few Germans had followed our descent down and were trying to get us. So we took cover in the hills. And then I was taken to Colonel Dragisa Vasic’s headquarters.

Q: Who was Colonel Vasic?

A: Colonel Vasic was a well-known writer and lawyer in Belgrade.

Q: Was he a member of Mihailovich’s Army?

Q: Yes, he was. I believe he was the corps commander in the Chetnik area that I dropped in. [Editor’s note: D. Vasic was a reserve officer and political adviser to Mihailovich, not a corps commander.]

Q: Tell us what happened there.

A: Well, he greeted me very warmly; we sat down and had a drink, slivovitz.

BY MR. KIENDL: An alcoholic drink?

FELMAN: Yes, sir, it is. I believe it is 180 proof.

Q: You have got to be in the Air Force to take that.

A: Yes, sir.

BY MR. TIMBERS: What is it made of?

FELMAN: It is plum brandy. After we had the drink the colonel suggested if I wanted to offer any prayers they had a nearby chapel, it was very small; and he accompanied me up to this chapel on the top of the hill, and I offered a prayer for my deliverance and for the narrow escape.

Then we sat down and talked, and a few Chetniks told me that my tailgunner’s body was carried out of the plane by the Germans. They had gotten to the plane first when it was shot down and they had taken his body from beneath the plane, stripped it of all his jewelry, rings and dog-tags, and had thrown his nude body in a hole. And after the Germans left, the Chetniks recovered his body, and they called in a very religious man, I forget who he was, from Belgrade, to perform the last rites over his body. And there were about I should say seven or eight hundred men who turned out for the funeral. And photographs were taken of the funeral to bring to this particular boy’s parents, as they thought it would afford in some way some consolation from the fact that he was given a decent burial, and they put a marker on his grave with his name, rank, serial number and home address.

Q: Do you happen to know of your own knowledge, Lieutenant, whether those proceedings with respect to the decent burial of the tailgunner of your plane were carried out under orders from General Mihailovich or any of his corps commanders?

A: I do not know that, I could not say.

BY MR. KIENDL: But the 700 at the funeral were either Chetniks or Serbian peasants?

FELMAN: Yes.

BY MR. TIMBERS: What happened to you that first night in Yugoslavia, do you remember?

FELMAN: The first night I was there I was taken to a farmhouse and given a large bed all to myself, and I was assured by the interpreter, who was a Chetnik, that I could sleep soundly and that there was no fear of Germans, that I should not fear the Germans because they posted a 10-man guard outside of my house. And they told me that should the occasion arise where the Germans would be in the vicinity they would awaken me immediately.

Q: That 10-man guard consisted of Chetnik soldiers, did it not?

A: Yes, sir. I awoke the next morning and looked outside my door, and these 10 men were huddled together outside in the pouring rain. And I asked them how come that they had not come inside the hut for shelter, and they told me that they were afraid that they might awaken me if they did come in, and that according to Mihailovich’s orders they were never supposed to leave any Americans unprotected.

BY MR. KIENDL: How did you speak to them, through an interpreter?

FELMAN: Yes, I did. The interpreter was a student at Belgrade University; and he gave me a small pamphlet from the last war, World War I, with translations.

BY MR. TIMBERS: At this time did you hear anything about a German reward for the capture of yourself or any of your crew?

FELMAN: Yes, I did. On the next day I was informed that the Germans had seen us come down in the area, that they had known definitely that the Chetniks were holding us; and I believe they offered 200,000 dinars reward.

Q: What is the equivalent of 1 dinar?

A: Well, there are 1,200 dinars to one dollar.

BY MR. KIENDL: What was the reward ?

FELMAN: 200,000 dinars. And they told us that they had seen us come down and they knew that we were in the area, and if we were not turned in the Germans, in reprisal, would burn down the nearby village. I took this rather seriously, because I figured they would surely turn me over. But one man said they did not expect to do anything about it. I was informed later that the village was burned down when we had not been returned.

This was rather strange to me, and I asked this particular Serbian who was my guide all the time I was in Serbia, Miodrag Stefanovic—I asked him how come the Chetniks sacrificed the village just to protect Americans who were actually strangers to them; and he told me that as an American flyer I am more valuable and can inflict much more destruction upon the common enemy than 100 or 150 Serbs; he said that was the reason why they did not think anything of sacrificing the town so they can save us and return us to our base to continue our fight against Germany.

BY MR. TIMBERS: That was a statement made to you by a Chetnik?

FELMAN: Yes, sir.

Q: Now eventually you were evacuated out of Yugoslavia, were you not?

A: Yes.

Q: What was the point of your evacuation?

A: I was evacuated from Pranjani.

Q: How far is Pranjani from the point where you landed on July 9?

A: Pranjani was about 10 miles from where I landed, I would say.

Q: How long did it take you to get from the place where you landed to Pranjani?

A: We did not go directly there; we must have traveled I would say at least 300 miles getting there.

Q: When did you get to Pranjani?

A: I got to Pranjani at the end of July, 1944.

Q: During the course of the trip did you have occasion to observe the Chetnik peasants?

A: Yes, I did.

Q: As well as the Chetnik soldiers who escorted you?

A: Yes, I had frequent talks with the peasants, either through an interpreter or just a combination of French, German, Italian, Spanish—they were always sure to understand one language.

Q: Did you see any Germans on this trip from where you landed to Pranjani?

A: The only Germans I saw were three Stukas who came over the area looking for our particular crew.

BY MR. KIENDL: How did you know that?

FELMAN: This was right after the order was issued that either they turn us over or they would burn down the village. And these Stukas came down very low.

Q: You assume they were looking for your crew?

A: Yes.

BY MR. TIMBERS: Did you see any evidence of collaboration between the German occupation troops and the Chetniks during the whole period you were in Yugoslavia?

FELMAN: During my entire stay in Yugoslavia I never at any time did see any signs of collaboration.

Q: Did you look for any?

A: I tried my best to look for what I could, because we had been warned, as the other men have stated, that the Chetniks were collaborating with the Germans and to steer clear of them if we possibly could.

Q: You had been briefed to that effect in Italy before you set out on this mission?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: Before you were evacuated did you have occasion to see General Mihailovich?

A: Yes, I did.

Q: Where?

A: He came to see us on July 31, 1944.

Q: Where was that?

A: This was at the secret airfield outside of Pranjani.

Q: That was a week or ten days before you were evacuated?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: Tell us in your own words what General Mihailovich said and what happened when he was at that place.

A: Well, at first he came up on the field with his staff and he stood in the center of the field and he shook hands with each and every one of the 200 Americans. And if one of the boys happened to speak French he carried on a lengthy conversation with that individual, because he spoke fluent French, but no English. And he signed our short-snorters; and we asked him to pose for photographs, and he posed for photographs with almost every one of the boys there.

Q: If I may interrupt, I show you a paper and ask you if you know what that is.

A: Yes, this is a 500 dinar note, a Yugoslav note, which I had and which General Draza Mihailovich signed.

Q: Does it bear his original signature?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: And he signed it at your request?

A: Yes, sir.

BY MR. KIENDL: Which is the General’s signature?

FELMAN: The signature of General Mihailovich is directly in the center of the 500 dinar note.

MR. TIMBERS: I offer it in evidence.

MR. KIENDL: We will arrange to substitute a photostatic copy for that.

(The 500 dinar-note was admitted in evidence and considered as Exhibit 11.)

BY MR. TIMBERS: Tell us what this General Mihailovich said to you.

FELMAN: He also distributed autographed photographs of himself, one of which I have here. I do not know whether you want to accept that.

Q: This is a photograph that General Mihailovich gave to you?

A: Yes, he did.

Q: At the end of July, 1944?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: At your request?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: Does it bear his original signature on the reverse side?

A: Yes, it does.

MR. TIMBERS: I offer it as evidence.

MR. HAYS: I do not think it is necessary to put it in evidence; I think the record might show that the photograph was produced. The purpose of the offer is that it confirms the story, and that is sufficient. Do you agree with me, Mr. Kiendl?

MR. KIENDL: Entirely.

MR. TIMBERS: The record will show that such photograph was produced. Now will you proceed?

FELMAN: After this more or less individual reception that he granted each and every one of us he put on a display of strength more or less of all his troops, and I would say there were about 400 soldiers participating in this review and about a thousand soldiers watching the review.

Q: Did General Mihailovich himself say anything to you to the other American airmen there assembled?

A: After this particular review we all adjourned to the side of the airfield, and we all sat underneath a large shady tree, and Mihailovich sat at the center of the group, and all the American airmen assembled around Mihailovich. And a few feet away from Mihailovich stood the interpreter, and Mihailovich spoke to the interpreter, and he translated to us. First, Mihailovich started off by welcoming us to Yugoslavia. And then he apologized for the poor conditions with which he welcomed us and the inconvenience we had to endure while there. After which he gave us a brief history of Yugoslavia, starting with the invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany, and the way he took his staff and fled to the hills to carry on his fight for freedom, and “never to surrender” in his words. And the way they carried on sabotage activities against the Germans.

Well, he mentioned the fact that the only thing that kept him from waging a large scale attack against the Germans is the fact that his equipment is very poor and that he has not been given any equipment, and if he did have the proper equipment he would be able to carry on much stronger attacks against the Germans.

Then he started to praise the American government, and he said he had always believed in democracy and he always looked highly at the American government.

And in closing he told us that he will try his utmost to get us back to our bases as soon as possible to resume our fight against the enemy.

He said, 'After the war you can all go back to your great land, our great country,' and he said, 'The Serbian people and myself have considered it a great honor to be of assistance to you.'

Q: Did General Mihailovich tell you on this occasion anything of the precautions which had been taken by him and his provisions to safeguard you and your fellow airmen?

A: Well, on this particular night of the evacuation, August 9th or August 10th, there were 8,000 Chetniks within a 20-mile radius of the airstrip, and they were there so that in case these planes coming in would attract any attention the Chetniks would be able to stall off any German troops that might try to stop our evacuation. These men were stationed within a 20-mile radius of the airstrip.

Q: Did General Mihailovich tell you that, or where did you get that information?

A: I got that from one of his officers.

Q: And finally on the night of August 9th you were evacuated out?

A: Yes, I was evacuated on the second plane, because I was with the sick and wounded who were given priority in the evacuation.

Q: And you went back to Italy?

A: Yes, I did.

Q: Were you able to fly again?

A: Yes, I was, but not on any missions, but I was able to fly again.

Q: During the course of your stay in Yugoslavia, and particularly on your way from the point where you landed in Pranjani, did you see any posters around the countryside offering rewards, offering German rewards for the capture of Mihailovich?

A: Yes, I did. We picked up a reward poster sometime in July, for Draza Mihailovich.

Q: I show you a document and ask you if that is the poster you refer to.

A: Yes, it is.

Q: I show you a document and ask you if that is the poster you refer to.

A: Yes, it is.

Q: I show you a second poster and ask you if that is a correct English translation of the poster just shown you.

A: Yes, this is a translation of the poster which I picked up in Yugoslavia.

MR. TIMBERS: I offer both in evidence.

MR. HAYS: They will be received.

(The original poster and the translation were admitted in evidence and marked respectively Exhibits 12a and 12b, May 17, 1946, C.B.)

BY MR. KIENDL: Lieutenant, was the translation made by you?

FELMAN: I had it translated, I believe by a Yugoslav organization on Fifth Avenue in New York.

Q: And you believe they made the correct translation?

A: Yes.

Q: But you do not know of course?

A: Well, I have spoken to a few Serbian people and they have translated it for me, and they have all corresponded.

MR. TIMBERS: I won’t put it in the record unless the Commission desires me to.

MR. KIENDL: You had better call someone who can vouch for the accuracy of the translation.

MR. TIMBERS: Now?

MR. HAYS: After this witness is through.

BY MR. TIMBERS: I show you a series of seven photographs and ask you if those were taken in your presence while you were in Yugoslavia.

FELMAN: Those photographs were taken on July 31, 1944.

Q: And does each one bear on the reverse side a description of the scene recorded on the other side.

A: Yes.

Q: And were those inscriptions placed there by you?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: And do those photographs in general show Chetnik soldiers and Chetnik peasants and General Mihailovich himself?

A: Yes, on July 31st, as I said before, Mihailovich put on this review for the American soldiers , and these photographs were taken on that occasion, on that particular day, by a Serbian officer who gave the roll of film when it was completed to us at our request.

MR. TIMBERS: I offer the set of photographs in evidence as one exhibit.

MR. HAYS: I submit that the photographs be submitted to the Commission. If you make them part of the record it would be necessary to make copies of all of them.

MR. TIMBERS: I think the suggestion is quite proper.

MR. HAYS: Just let the record show that the photographs are submitted to the Commission, and if at any time are desired by any official body they will be produced.

Q. Is there any single photograph there that happens to show General Mihailovich and you in the same view?

FELMAN: Yes, but not a very good photograph of me; I mean that is my back. I was in the picture, yes.

BY MR. KIENDL: You are not very photogenic?

FELMAN: Well, it was the back of my head, sir.

BY MR. TIMBERS: Lieutenant, has any force or duress of any character been exercised upon you in connection with your testimony here this morning?

FELMAN: None whatsoever.

Q. You have given it freely and voluntarily and of your own volition?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. And if called upon to do so and given the opportunity would you testify along similar lines at the trial of General Mihailovich for treason in Belgrade?

A. I definitely would.

MR. TIMBERS: Those are all the questions we have.

BY MR. KIENDL: How did you come to know about this and testify here, Lieutenant?

FELMAN: I believe it was in last Saturday’s Times where I noticed a news item saying that an inquiry would be held on Vesey Street.

Q: And you volunteered to the Committee for the Commission to give your testimony?

A: Yes, I did.

Q: During the time that you were in Yugoslavia—and it was about a month altogether, was it not?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: The treatment accorded to you by the Chetniks under Mihailovich was about the same at all times?

A: Yes, sir, it was.

Q: You told us about the fine treatment your received the first night - the food and the guards and things of that kind?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: Within their capacities and capabilities did they do everything for you that they could while you were there?

A: There was not anything that they would not have given us if they had it; they did more than they should.

Q: They fed you and housed you and I suppose even clothed you?

A: They did not have any clothes themselves.

BY MR. HAYS: After your month with the Chetniks in Yugoslavia you apparently have come to the conclusion that there was no collaboration between the Chetniks and the Germans?

FELMAN: Yes, sir.

Q: Why do you think you are qualified to form that judgment?

A: I am not much of an authority on international politics, but at least I could observe what was going on there. I figured that if Mihailovich was collaborating I did not see any reason why he should, because he had all the power he wanted. I do not know whether this would be opinion or fact—

BY MR. KIENDL: Could we put it this way - if he were collaborating with the Germans you did not see any indication whatsoever of it?

FELMAN: No, sir, I did not.

BY MR. HAYS: Were you in a position where, if he was collaborating with the Germans, you would know about it?

FELMAN: Yes, I believe so, because the people there are more or less one big family. Everybody knew what Mihailovich was doing and everybody knew what the next person was doing; that is the way they lived.

Q: And they let you go around quite freely?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: And your judgment is confirmed partly by the fact that if there had been collaboration you would have heard of it from some of the people you saw?

A: Yes, sir, I spoke with the Chetnik soldiers and women and children and everyone.

Q: From the place where you landed to the headquarters was about how far?

A: To which headquarters, sir?

Q: To Mihailovich’s headquarters or to the airfield.

A: The place that I landed was about 15 miles from the airfield.

Q: Do you mean the place where you first entered Yugoslavia?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: So you only saw a small section of the country?

A: No, we traveled, as I said before about 300 miles, to get to the airfield.

Q: During that time did you have an opportunity to talk to people, to peasants and others?

A: Yes, sir.

Q: So your testimony that you feel that you would have heard something about collaboration means that you had plenty of opportunity to talk with people in a large section of Yugoslavia, does it not?

A: Yes, sir; as I say I covered about 300 miles; directly in an airline it would be about 15 miles.

Q: These airmen I suppose had landed in different part of Yugoslavia?

A: Yes, a friend of mine that I met in Yugoslavia who had also been shot down, he had come from a point about 250 miles away from where I landed.

Q: So that all the airmen I suppose covered in their journeys a large part of the country?

A: Yes, sir, they did.

Q: From your conversations with them do you know whether they had an opportunity to talk with peasants and Chetniks throughout their journey?

A: Yes, sir, their experiences were very similar to mine.

Q: Did you at any time hear any of them say anything that would suggest that they had ever heard a rumor of collaboration?

A: No, sir.

BY MR. KIENDL: Lieutenant, just one thing I could not understand, how you would be able to carry on conversations with these peasants while you were making that 300-mile trip unless you spoke their language.

FELMAN: I do not speak Serbian; once in a while we did have a person who spoke English, but most of them did not. In conversing with them we had a combination of a few languages.

Q: Could you make yourself understood to them and could they make themselves understood to you?

A: Yes, sir; it took a little time.

BY MR. HAYS: With what languages are you familiar?

FELMAN: I can speak German, not very well, I know a few words; and I speak Spanish and I know a few words of Italian, and English.

MR. TIMBERS: Thank you, Lieutenant.



END OF THE TESTIMONY OF LIEUTENANT RICHARD FELMAN BEFORE THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY, NEW YORK CITY, MAY 17, 1946.


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